Last Update 05 June, 2023

At the 2015 UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris, world leaders agreed to work together to maintain global warming to no more than 1.5° C. Two targets were set in the Paris Agreement - achieving 45% reduction in emissions by 2030, and reaching net zero by 2050.

Pricing climate risks properly today reduces the possibility of wealth transfers between uninformed and sophisticated agents, and the likelihood of extreme price movements in the

According to a December 2018 UN report on worldwide use of single-use plastics, 127 countries have “adopted some type of legislation to regulate plastic bags”. These include the 28 member states of the European Union, who last month voted to ban single-use plastic cutlery, straws, and cups by 2021.

While we forge ahead with urban development and technological advancements, let's pause and take a leaf from history and see how the past can offer us a different perspective in mitigating climate change.

The latest report from the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) looks at the impacts, adaptation and vulnerabilities associated with the climate crisis, and we are three of the 270 scientists and researchers who wrote it. The document reports stark new findings on the way current global warming of 1.1℃ is impacting natural and human systems, and on how our ability to respond will be increasingly limited with every additional increment of warming.

The United Nations 26th Annual Climate Change Conference COP26 wrapped up in November with the adoption of the Glasgow Climate Pact. Negotiated by over 200 countries, the new pact to reduce global warming reaffirms the Paris Agreement to keep temperature increases below 1.5 degrees Celsius, which translates into tougher national pollution policies across every sector, particularly those related to transportation and energy production.